Developer & Creator Tools Glossary
Plain-language definitions for the utilities Zerethon Tools offers — each entry links to a free, browser-based implementation.
- 0/1 Knapsack Visualizer
- A 0/1 Knapsack Visualizer animates the dynamic-programming table where dp[i][w] is the best value using the first i items within capacity w, computed as max of skipping or taking each item. The bottom-right cell is the optimal value.
- A* Pathfinding Visualizer
- An A* Pathfinding Visualizer animates the A* search algorithm on a grid. A* orders its frontier by f = g + h (cost so far plus a Manhattan-distance heuristic), so it explores toward the goal and finds the shortest path while visiting far fewer cells than uninformed search.
- AES Encrypt & Decrypt
- An AES Encrypt & Decrypt tool is a tool that encrypts and decrypts text using AES-256-GCM with a user-supplied password. It derives the encryption key from the password using PBKDF2 with SHA-256, providing authenticated encryption that detects tampering. All cryptographic operations run entirely client-side in the browser, so plaintext, passwords, and ciphertext are never sent to a server.
- ASCII Converter
- An ASCII Converter is a tool that converts characters to their ASCII or Unicode code points in decimal, hexadecimal, binary, and octal, and converts code points back to characters. It can also render a live table mapping each character of an input string to its code-point values. The conversion runs entirely in the browser.
- Bar Chart Maker
- A Bar Chart Maker is a tool that builds bar charts from CSV data inside the browser. It renders values as rectangular bars and supports stacked, grouped, and horizontal layouts with multiple data series. The finished chart can be exported as a PNG image, and all processing runs client-side with no file upload required.
- Base-N Encoder & Decoder
- A Base-N Encoder & Decoder is a tool that converts data between raw input and several base encodings, including Base16, Base32 (RFC 4648), Base32 Crockford, Base85 (ASCII85), and Base91. It encodes input into the chosen alphabet and reverses the process to recover the original bytes. All encoding and decoding runs client-side in the browser, so data is never uploaded to a server.
- Base58 Encoder & Decoder
- A Base58 Encoder & Decoder is a tool that converts data between raw bytes and Base58 or Base58Check text encodings. It accepts text or hexadecimal input and produces the compact alphabet used by Bitcoin, Solana, and IPFS, with Base58Check adding a checksum for error detection. All encoding and decoding runs client-side in the browser, so data is never uploaded to a server.
- Base64 Encoder & Decoder
- Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding (RFC 4648) that represents arbitrary bytes using 64 printable ASCII characters (A–Z, a–z, 0–9, plus two extras). The standard variant uses `+` and `/`; the URL-safe variant substitutes `-` and `_` so the output can travel through URLs and filenames untouched. A Base64 Encoder converts text or binary files to and from this representation.
- Binary Heap Visualizer
- A Binary Heap Visualizer animates a binary max-heap — a complete binary tree (stored in an array) where each parent is greater than or equal to its children. It shows sift-up after an insert and sift-down after extracting the maximum, keeping the largest value at the root.
- Binary Search Tree Visualizer
- A Binary Search Tree Visualizer is an interactive tool that animates insert, search, and delete on a BST — a binary tree where every left subtree holds smaller values and every right subtree holds larger values. It shows the traversal path for each operation and all three deletion cases.
- Binary Search Visualizer
- A Binary Search Visualizer animates how binary search locates a target in a sorted array by repeatedly comparing the middle element and discarding the half that cannot contain it. It shows the shrinking lo–hi range and the comparison count that make binary search O(log n).
- Bitwise Calculator
- A Bitwise Calculator is a tool that performs bit-level operations on two operands directly in the browser. It supports AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, NOT, and shift operations, computing on BigInt values to handle large numbers, and displays each result simultaneously in decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal for easy inspection of the bit patterns.
- Breadth-First Search (BFS) Visualizer
- A Breadth-First Search (BFS) Visualizer animates how BFS explores a grid level by level using a queue, expanding outward in rings from the start. On an unweighted grid it finds the shortest path, which is highlighted when the goal is reached.
- Bubble Sort Visualizer
- A Bubble Sort Visualizer is an interactive tool that animates the bubble sort algorithm, showing each adjacent comparison and swap as the largest values "bubble" to the end of the array. It highlights the active pseudocode line and counts comparisons and swaps so learners can see why bubble sort runs in O(n²) time.
- C / C++ Formatter
- A C / C++ Formatter is a tool that reindents C or C++ source code in the browser with controls for brace style, indent width, and preprocessor directive placement. It works as an indentation tidier rather than a full clang-format, applying consistent layout without compiling and keeping the source client-side.
- C# Formatter
- A C# Formatter is a tool that reindents C# source code in the browser using Allman braces, with auto-property normalization and expression-bodied member tidy-up. It works as an indentation tidier rather than a full Roslyn-based formatter, applying consistent layout to code while keeping the source on the user's device.
- CSS Formatter & Minifier
- A CSS Formatter is a tool that beautifies or minifies CSS rules. The beautify mode re-indents selectors, properties, and declarations into a clean, readable structure, while the minify mode removes whitespace and breaks to shrink stylesheet size. It runs entirely in the browser with no signup and no upload, processing the CSS locally on the device.
- CSS Preprocessor Converter
- A CSS Preprocessor Converter is a tool that converts stylesheets between LESS, SCSS, SASS, Stylus, and plain CSS in the browser. It uses real compilers for the paths that compile down to CSS and heuristic transformations for the remaining conversions, translating syntax between preprocessor formats client-side.
- CSV to JSON Converter
- A CSV to JSON Converter is a tool that transforms CSV data into JSON. It also accepts TSV and pipe-separated input and auto-detects the delimiter, parsing rows and columns in an RFC 4180 compliant way before emitting structured JSON. It runs entirely in the browser, converting the data locally on the device without uploading it to a server.
- CSV to SQL Converter
- A CSV to SQL Converter is a tool that generates SQL INSERT statements from CSV data, mapping the header row to column names and each row to a set of values. It runs in the browser, supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and SQL Server dialects, and can optionally emit a matching CREATE TABLE statement for the target table.
- CSV to XML Converter
- A CSV to XML Converter is a tool that transforms CSV, TSV, or pipe-separated data into structured XML markup. The header row becomes column tags, and each data row becomes a record element. It runs in the browser with configurable root and record element names, producing valid XML output for data exchange and import.
- Caesar Cipher
- A Caesar Cipher is a tool that encrypts and decrypts text using the classic Caesar shift cipher, replacing each letter with one a fixed number of positions away in the alphabet. It runs entirely in the browser and includes an auto-detect mode that uses English letter frequency to recover the likely shift, making it useful for decoding classical ciphers without knowing the key.
- Citation Generator
- A citation generator formats bibliographic references in a chosen style (APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard) from the source details you enter, producing both a reference-list entry and an in-text citation.
- Collatz Conjecture Visualizer
- A Collatz Conjecture Visualizer plots the 3n+1 sequence: from a starting number it halves even values and computes 3n+1 for odd values, charting the trajectory until it reaches 1. The conjecture that every start reaches 1 remains unproven.
- Color Converter
- A Color Converter is a tool that translates a single color value between several model spaces — most commonly HEX (web shorthand), RGB / RGBA (red-green-blue with optional alpha), HSL (hue/saturation/lightness), HSV (hue/saturation/value), and CMYK (print-oriented cyan/magenta/yellow/key). Converters normalise to a common internal representation and round-trip across formats, with a swatch preview to verify the result visually.
- Combinations & Permutations Calculator
- A combinatorics calculator computes the number of combinations (nCr), permutations (nPr), and the factorial (n!) for given values of n and r, using exact arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
- Compound Interest Calculator
- A compound interest calculator projects the future value of savings using A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), optionally adding recurring deposits, and shows how much of the growth is interest.
- Convex Hull Visualizer
- A Convex Hull Visualizer animates how the smallest convex polygon enclosing a set of points is found. Using Andrew’s monotone-chain algorithm, it sorts the points and builds the lower and upper hulls, popping any point that makes a non-left turn.
- Conway’s Game of Life
- Conway’s Game of Life is a zero-player cellular automaton on a grid where each cell is alive or dead. Every generation cells update by four rules based on living neighbours, producing still lifes, oscillators, and gliders from simple local rules.
- Crontab Translator
- A Crontab Translator (also called a cron expression decoder) is a tool that converts a 5-field or 6-field cron schedule into a plain-English description like "Every weekday at 03:30" and computes the next firing times. It catches off-by-one mistakes — accidentally scheduling at 0 instead of every hour — before the cron rule ever reaches a production scheduler.
- Date Calculator
- A Date Calculator is a tool that adds or subtracts years, months, weeks, days, hours, and minutes from a given date, or computes the difference between two dates. It runs in the browser and includes a business-day count, returning a resulting date or a duration broken down into calendar units.
- Deduplicate Lines
- A Deduplicate Lines is a tool that removes duplicate lines from a list of text. It runs in the browser and offers a case-sensitivity toggle, an option to trim each line before comparing, a choice to keep the first or last occurrence of each duplicate, and optional sorting of the result.
- Delimited Text Extractor
- A Delimited Text Extractor is a tool that pulls a single column out of CSV, TSV, or any delimited text. It can select the column by its number or by its header name and parses input in an RFC 4180 compliant way. Running entirely in the browser, it extracts column data without uploading files to a server, handling quoted fields and varied delimiters correctly.
- Depth-First Search (DFS) Visualizer
- A Depth-First Search (DFS) Visualizer animates how DFS explores a grid by diving as deep as possible along one branch before backtracking, using a stack. It finds a path to the goal but, unlike BFS, the path is usually not the shortest.
- Derivative & Integral Calculator
- A derivative and integral calculator differentiates a function of x symbolically and evaluates its definite integral numerically over a chosen interval.
- Dijkstra's Algorithm Visualizer
- A Dijkstra's Algorithm Visualizer animates shortest-path search on a grid: the algorithm repeatedly expands the closest unvisited cell, exploring outward by distance until it reaches the goal, then highlights the shortest path. You can draw walls and move the start and goal.
- Doughnut Chart Maker
- A Doughnut Chart Maker is a tool that generates a doughnut chart from CSV data in the browser. It renders proportional segments around a ring with a hollow centre, a layout suited to KPI displays. The chart can be exported as a PNG image, and all processing runs client-side with no file upload.
- EIP-55 Checksum Tool
- An EIP-55 Checksum Tool is a tool that converts an Ethereum address into its canonical EIP-55 checksummed form, where specific letters are capitalized based on the address hash. This mixed-case encoding lets wallets detect typos before funds are sent. The conversion runs entirely client-side in the browser, so the address is never transmitted to a server.
- ETH Unit Converter
- An ETH Unit Converter is a tool that converts amounts between Ethereum denominations such as Wei, Gwei, Szabo, Finney, and Ether. It performs the conversions using BigInt arithmetic to avoid floating-point rounding errors, keeping large integer values exact. The conversions run entirely client-side in the browser, with no data sent to a server.
- Equation Solver
- An equation solver finds the roots of a quadratic equation ax²+bx+c=0 — including complex roots and the discriminant — and solves a 2×2 system of linear equations using Cramer’s rule.
- Escape & Unescape
- An Escape & Unescape is a tool that escapes and unescapes strings for many languages and formats directly in the browser. It applies the escaping rules of HTML, XML, Java, C#, JavaScript, JSON, CSV (RFC 4180), and SQL so special characters can be safely embedded, and reverses each transformation to recover the original text.
- Euclidean Algorithm (GCD) Visualizer
- A Euclidean Algorithm Visualizer animates how the GCD of two integers is found by repeatedly replacing the pair (a, b) with (b, a mod b) until b reaches zero — at which point a is the greatest common divisor.
- Exam Countdown Timer
- An exam countdown timer shows the live time remaining — days, hours, minutes and seconds — until a date and time you choose.
- Fancy Text Generator
- A Fancy Text Generator is a tool that converts plain text into 13 Unicode font styles, including bold, italic, script, fraktur, double-struck, monospace, and fullwidth. It runs in the browser by mapping characters to their styled Unicode equivalents, producing copy-paste output that displays on platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and Discord without requiring an actual installed font.
- Fibonacci Sequence Visualizer
- A Fibonacci Sequence Visualizer builds the sequence iteratively, where each term F(i) = F(i-1) + F(i-2) starting from F(0)=0 and F(1)=1. It highlights the two terms being summed and the new term, in O(n) time.
- Filter Lines
- A Filter Lines tool is a tool that keeps or removes lines of text matching a substring or regular expression pattern. It supports inverting the match, case-insensitive comparison, and trimming each line before matching. Running entirely in the browser, it works like an online grep for filtering text, letting users find and remove lines containing specific content without sending data to a server.
- Flashcards Maker
- A flashcards maker lets you create decks of question-and-answer cards and study them in shuffled order, tracking how many you knew.
- Fraction Calculator
- A fraction calculator performs arithmetic on two fractions and returns the result fully simplified, along with its decimal value and mixed-number form.
- Function Grapher
- A function grapher plots the graph of a single-variable function y = f(x) over a chosen x range, supporting polynomials, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential expressions.
- GPA Calculator
- A GPA calculator converts letter grades to grade points and weights them by credit hours to produce a credit-weighted grade point average on the 4.0 scale.
- Grade Calculator
- A grade calculator computes a course grade from weighted categories, and works backwards to find the final-exam score needed to reach a target overall grade.
- GraphQL Formatter
- A GraphQL Formatter is a tool that pretty-prints GraphQL queries, mutations, and schema definition language using the official graphql/language parser. It parses the input and re-serializes it with consistent indentation and spacing, producing readable, well-structured GraphQL documents in the browser.
- HTML Entities Converter
- An HTML Entities Converter is a tool that encodes and decodes HTML character entities directly in the browser. It converts special characters into named, decimal, or hexadecimal entity forms so markup renders safely, and reverses entities back into their original characters. It recognizes a broad set of over 250 HTML5 named entities for accurate two-way conversion.
- HTML Formatter & Minifier
- An HTML Formatter is a tool that beautifies or minifies HTML markup. The beautify mode re-indents elements into a readable, structured layout, while the minify mode strips unnecessary whitespace to reduce file size. It runs entirely client-side in the browser, so the markup is processed on the device and never leaves it or gets uploaded to a server.
- HTML Minifier
- An HTML Minifier is a tool that reduces the size of HTML markup for faster page loads. Built on html-minifier-terser, it collapses whitespace, removes comments, and minifies inline CSS and JavaScript, while showing the size savings live. Running entirely in the browser, it minifies HTML client-side so the markup is never uploaded to a server.
- HTML Playground
- An HTML Playground is a tool that edits HTML, CSS, and JavaScript together and renders the result live in a sandboxed iframe preview. It auto-saves work to the browser's localStorage so code persists between sessions. Being pure client-side, everything runs in the browser with nothing uploaded to a server, making it a private space to prototype frontend snippets.
- HTML Stripper
- An HTML Stripper is a tool that removes HTML tags and decodes HTML entities to produce clean plain text from markup. It runs in the browser and offers toggles to control line break handling, link preservation, and whitespace, letting raw HTML be reduced to readable text suitable for copy, analysis, or further processing.
- HTML Table Extractor
- An HTML Table Extractor is a tool that pulls table elements out of HTML and exports them as CSV, TSV, JSON, or Markdown. It runs in the browser and, when a page contains more than one table, lets individual tables be selected for extraction, converting structured table rows and cells into a chosen plain-text data format.
- HTML to Markdown Converter
- An HTML to Markdown Converter is a tool that transforms HTML markup into equivalent Markdown syntax, mapping headings, lists, links, and code into plain-text Markdown. It runs in the browser using Turndown and offers customizable options including ATX or Setext heading style, bullet list style, and code-fence style for output that matches a preferred Markdown flavor.
- Hash Generator — All Algorithms
- A Hash Generator is a tool that computes cryptographic and checksum digests of text or files across many algorithms, including MD4, MD5, SHA-1, the SHA-2 family (SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512), SHA3, Keccak-256, CRC-32, and NTLM. It outputs the resulting digest for each selected algorithm. All hashing runs client-side in the browser, so input never leaves the device.
- Hash Table Visualizer
- A Hash Table Visualizer animates a hash table that uses separate chaining: a hash function (value % 7) maps each value to a bucket, and colliding values are chained in that bucket. It shows insert, search, and delete with average O(1) operations.
- Heap Sort Visualizer
- A Heap Sort Visualizer animates heap sort: building a max-heap from the array, then repeatedly swapping the root to the end and sifting down to restore the heap. It demonstrates the guaranteed O(n log n) time with O(1) extra space.
- IP Notation Converter
- An IP Notation Converter is a tool that converts IPv4 and IPv6 addresses between dotted notation, decimal integer, hexadecimal, octal, binary, and canonical or expanded forms. It auto-detects the input format and renders the equivalent representations. Running in the browser, it helps translate addresses between the notations used by different systems and libraries.
- Image Compressor
- An Image Compressor is a tool that reduces the file size of an image while keeping its visible quality acceptable for screen or print. Lossy formats (JPG, WebP) drop perceptual detail; lossless modes re-encode without quality loss. Browser-based compressors run the encoder in JavaScript or WebAssembly so the original image never leaves the user's device — important for screenshots, design drafts, or anything not yet public.
- Image Resizer
- An Image Resizer is a tool that changes the dimensions of an image by width, height, percentage, or exact pixel dimensions. It offers an aspect ratio lock to keep proportions intact while scaling. The tool runs entirely in the browser using client-side processing, so files are never uploaded to a server, making it suitable for quickly preparing images at a target size.
- Insertion Sort Visualizer
- An Insertion Sort Visualizer animates how insertion sort grows a sorted prefix by taking each next element and shifting larger elements right until the key lands in place. It shows the comparison and write counts that make insertion sort near-linear on already-sorted data.
- Interactive Periodic Table
- An interactive periodic table displays all 118 chemical elements arranged by atomic number and group, colored by category, with atomic mass and other details available on click.
- Invisible Text Generator
- An Invisible Text Generator is a tool that produces invisible Unicode characters, such as zero-width spaces and Hangul filler, for use where a platform requires non-empty input. It runs in the browser and offers six variants, generating copy-paste output that appears blank on platforms including Discord and games while still counting as valid text.
- JPG to PNG Converter
- A JPG to PNG Converter is a tool that changes JPG and JPEG images into the lossless PNG format. It runs entirely in the browser using client-side processing, so files are never uploaded to a server. The conversion produces PNG output that preserves image detail without the compression artifacts associated with JPEG, suitable for graphics, transparency-ready workflows, and further editing.
- JSON Diff
- A JSON Diff is a tool that compares two JSON documents structurally and reports the differences between them. It walks the object trees and highlights added, removed, and changed keys with color-coded paths to each affected location. An optional ignore-array-order mode treats arrays as unordered. It runs entirely in the browser, so the JSON being compared stays on the device.
- JSON Formatter
- A JSON Formatter is a tool that converts compact or minified JSON data into a structured, indented form for readability, and reverses the process for transmission. It validates syntax against RFC 8259 / ECMA-404, detects errors with line and column positions, and renders output as pretty-printed text, minified text, or a collapsible tree.
- JSON to CSV Converter
- A JSON to CSV Converter is a tool that transforms a JSON array of objects into CSV. It maps object keys to columns and values to rows, and offers an optional dot-path flatten so nested data is expanded into individual columns. It runs entirely in the browser, converting the data locally on the device without uploading it to a server.
- JSON to Java POJO
- A POJO (Plain Old Java Object) is a simple Java class with fields, getters, and setters and no framework-imposed restrictions. A JSON to POJO converter reads a JSON document, infers field types (Integer, Long, Double, Boolean, String, List), and emits a Java class with optional Jackson annotations, Lombok shortcuts, or Java 16+ record syntax — saving the boilerplate of mapping each property by hand.
- JSON to XML Converter
- A JSON to XML Converter is a tool that transforms JSON data into an XML document, turning object keys into elements and nesting structure into a hierarchical tree. It exposes configurable options for the root element name, an attribute prefix, and the text node key, controlling how values and attributes are represented. The conversion runs entirely in the browser, processing the input client-side without uploading it to a server.
- JSON to YAML Converter
- A JSON to YAML Converter is a tool that translates JSON data into the equivalent YAML representation, restructuring objects, arrays, and scalar values into YAML's indentation-based syntax. The output follows the YAML 1.2 specification. The conversion runs entirely in the browser, so the input is processed client-side and is never uploaded to a server.
- JSON5 Validator
- A JSON5 Validator is a tool that checks whether text conforms to the JSON5 specification and reports syntax errors with line and column positions. It accepts JSON5 features that standard JSON rejects, including comments, trailing commas, single-quoted strings, and hexadecimal numbers. Running client-side in the browser, it validates and parses JSON5 input without uploading it to a server.
- JSONPath Tester
- A JSONPath Tester is a tool that evaluates JSONPath expressions against a JSON document and shows the matching results. It runs queries live, returning both the path and value of each match, and supports filters, slices, and recursive descent for navigating nested data. Working client-side in the browser, it lets developers test and refine JSONPath queries without sending the JSON to a server.
- Java Formatter
- A Java Formatter is a tool that reindents Java source code in the browser using either K&R or Allman brace style. It applies consistent indentation and brace placement without compiling the code, running purely client-side so the source never leaves the user's device.
- JavaScript Formatter & Minifier
- A JavaScript Formatter is a tool that beautifies JavaScript with Prettier or minifies it in the browser. The beautify mode re-indents and normalizes code into a consistent, readable style, while the minify mode reduces file size. It supports modern syntax including async/await, optional chaining, and JSX, and processes code entirely client-side on the device.
- JavaScript Minifier
- A JavaScript Minifier is a tool that compresses JavaScript source code to reduce its file size for faster delivery. Built on terser, it offers control over name mangling, compression, and comment policies, and shows a before-and-after size comparison. Running entirely in the browser, it minifies code client-side so scripts are never uploaded to a server.
- JavaScript Obfuscator
- A JavaScript Obfuscator is a tool that transforms JavaScript source into a functionally equivalent but harder-to-read form. It applies techniques such as control-flow flattening, string array extraction, dead-code injection, and identifier mangling, and offers three presets. It runs entirely in the browser, so source code is processed client-side and never uploaded to a server.
- Karnaugh Map Solver
- A Karnaugh map solver minimises a Boolean function from its truth table, producing the simplest sum-of-products expression using the Quine–McCluskey method.
- Keccak-256 Hash Generator
- A Keccak-256 Hash Generator is a tool that computes the Keccak-256 digest of text or files, the hash function used throughout Ethereum. It produces output matching Solidity's keccak256(), which differs from the finalized NIST SHA-3 standard, and supports uses such as deriving function selectors. The hashing runs entirely client-side in the browser, so input never leaves the device.
- LCM & GCD Calculator
- An LCM/GCD calculator finds the greatest common divisor and least common multiple of a list of integers using the Euclidean algorithm, with exact arbitrary-precision arithmetic.
- Line Chart Maker
- A Line Chart Maker is a tool that turns pasted CSV data into a line chart directly in the browser. It plots one or more data series as connected points along an axis, offers a slider to smooth the curve between points, and exports the rendered result as a PNG image, with all processing happening client-side and nothing uploaded to a server.
- Line Segment Intersection Visualizer
- A Line Segment Intersection Visualizer animates the orientation (cross-product) tests that decide whether two segments cross: each segment must straddle the line through the other. When they cross, it computes the exact intersection point.
- Linear Regression Calculator
- A linear regression calculator fits the least-squares straight line to a set of (x, y) data points and reports its slope, intercept, correlation coefficient r and coefficient of determination R².
- Linear Search Visualizer
- A Linear Search Visualizer animates sequential search: checking each element of an array in order until the target is found or the end is reached. It works on unsorted data and demonstrates the O(n) running time.
- Linked List Visualizer
- A Linked List Visualizer animates a singly linked list — nodes connected by next pointers ending at null (∅). It shows head/tail insertion, traversal-based search, and node deletion by unlinking.
- Loan / EMI Calculator
- A loan / EMI calculator computes the fixed monthly payment (Equated Monthly Installment) of an amortizing loan from the amount, annual interest rate and term, along with total interest and total repayment.
- Lorem Ipsum Generator
- A Lorem Ipsum Generator is a tool that produces blocks of Lorem Ipsum placeholder text for use in mockups and layouts. The user chooses how much filler to create by paragraphs, sentences, or words, with an option to wrap the output in HTML markup. It runs entirely in the browser, generating dummy text without any account.
- MD5 Hash Generator
- An MD5 Hash Generator is a tool that computes the MD5 message digest of text or files, producing a fixed-length checksum that represents the input. It accepts files up to 50 MB and outputs the resulting digest in either hexadecimal or Base64 encoding. The computation runs entirely in the browser, so the data being hashed is processed client-side and is never uploaded to a server.
- Markdown Formatter
- A Markdown Formatter is a tool that reformats Markdown source using Prettier. It normalizes spacing, list markers, and link layout so documents follow a consistent, predictable style. Running entirely in the browser, it applies the same formatting rules across a file to keep Markdown clean and uniform without sending the content to a server.
- Markdown Table Generator
- A Markdown Table Generator is a tool that builds GitHub Flavored Markdown tables from data entered in a live editable grid. It runs in the browser and accepts pasted TSV or CSV input, which it parses into rows and columns, and it lets the user set text alignment per column. The output is GFM table syntax ready to paste into Markdown documents.
- Markdown to HTML Converter
- A Markdown to HTML Converter is a tool that renders Markdown text into HTML markup with a live preview. It runs in the browser using the marked parser and supports GitHub Flavored Markdown features including tables, task lists, and fenced code blocks, turning plain Markdown into ready-to-use HTML output.
- Matrix Calculator
- A matrix calculator performs matrix arithmetic — addition, subtraction, multiplication, transpose — and computes the determinant and inverse of square matrices up to 4×4.
- Maze Generator
- A Maze Generator builds a random maze by recursive division: it repeatedly splits each chamber with a wall that has a single gap until the chambers are too small. The result is a "perfect" maze with exactly one path between any two cells.
- Merge Sort Visualizer
- A Merge Sort Visualizer animates the divide-and-conquer process of merge sort: recursively splitting the array into halves and merging them back in sorted order. It demonstrates the guaranteed O(n log n) running time and stable ordering.
- Molar Mass Calculator
- A molar mass calculator computes the mass of one mole of a compound in grams per mole by summing the standard atomic weights of every atom in its chemical formula, including groups in parentheses and hydrates.
- N-Queens Visualizer
- An N-Queens Visualizer animates backtracking search placing n queens on an n×n board so none attack each other. It tries each row of a column, marks conflicts, recurses when a placement is safe, and backtracks when a column has no safe row.
- NFT Metadata Validator
- An NFT Metadata Validator is a tool that checks NFT metadata for conformance to common token standards, including ERC-721, the OpenSea metadata format, and Solana's Metaplex schema. It inspects the metadata's fields and structure, reports issues, and renders a preview of how the NFT would appear before minting. It runs entirely in the browser with no account required.
- Number Base Converter
- A Number Base Converter is a tool that converts numbers between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal in a live grid where editing any row updates the others. It uses BigInt arithmetic to handle large values without precision loss and offers an optional signed 32-bit or 64-bit mode for two's-complement interpretation. It runs entirely in the browser.
- Open Graph Preview
- An Open Graph Preview is a tool that shows how a URL will appear when shared on social platforms. It reads the page's Open Graph and Twitter Card meta tags and renders simulated share cards for networks such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Slack, letting the user verify titles, descriptions, and images before posting. It runs in the browser without an account.
- PHP Formatter
- A PHP Formatter is a tool that reformats PHP source code in the browser using PSR-12-friendly defaults. It offers a brace-style toggle and tag-opener normalization, reindenting code for consistent layout and readability. Because it runs entirely client-side, the source code stays on the user's device.
- PNG to JPG Converter
- A PNG to JPG Converter is a tool that changes PNG images into the JPG format with adjustable quality control to balance file size against visual fidelity. It runs entirely in the browser using client-side processing, so files are never uploaded to a server. JPG output is smaller than PNG, making it well suited for photographs and sharing on the web.
- POJO to JSON
- POJO to JSON conversion takes a Java instance — a Plain Old Java Object with fields, getters, and setters — and serialises it into a JSON string. The standard libraries are Jackson (`ObjectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj)`), Gson (`new Gson().toJson(obj)`), and Moshi (`moshi.adapter(MyType.class).toJson(obj)`). Each library reflects over the object's fields, applies any annotations (e.g. `@JsonProperty`, `@SerializedName`), and emits valid JSON.
- Password Generator
- A Password Generator is a tool that produces random character strings suitable for use as login credentials. Secure generators draw entropy from a cryptographically strong random source (in browsers, the Web Crypto API's `crypto.getRandomValues`) rather than `Math.random`, and let the user mix uppercase, lowercase, digits, and symbols to satisfy site-specific complexity rules.
- Percentage Calculator
- A percentage calculator computes the three most common percentage problems: a percentage of a number, one number as a percentage of another, and the percentage change between two numbers.
- Physics Kinematics Calculator
- A physics calculator solves common equations of motion (SUVAT), projectile motion, Ohm’s law and the ideal gas law from the values you know.
- Pie Chart Maker
- A Pie Chart Maker is a tool that converts two-column CSV data into a pie chart in the browser. It divides a circle into proportional slices, one per row, and assigns each slice a colour automatically. The resulting chart can be exported as a PNG image, with all rendering performed client-side and no data uploaded to a server.
- Polygon Area Visualizer (Shoelace)
- A Polygon Area Visualizer animates the shoelace (Gauss) formula: it fans triangles from the first vertex and sums their signed cross-product areas to compute the area of any simple polygon in O(n) time.
- Pomodoro Timer
- A Pomodoro timer structures work into focused intervals separated by short breaks, with a longer break after every four sessions, to sustain concentration.
- Prime Factorization Visualizer
- A Prime Factorization Visualizer animates a factor tree: it repeatedly splits a number into its smallest prime factor and the remaining quotient until only primes remain at the leaves, giving the unique prime factorization.
- Probability Calculator
- A probability calculator finds the probability of single and combined independent events (AND/OR) and the binomial distribution — the chance of k successes in n trials.
- Python Formatter
- A Python Formatter is a tool that tidies Python source code in the browser by cleaning indentation, collapsing extra blank lines, and normalizing string quotes. It works as an indentation cleaner rather than a full PEP-8 formatter, applying consistent spacing to make code more readable without uploading the source to a server.
- Queue Visualizer
- A Queue Visualizer animates a queue — a first-in, first-out (FIFO) collection where values are added at the rear (enqueue) and removed from the front (dequeue). Both operations are O(1).
- Quick Sort Visualizer
- A Quick Sort Visualizer animates the quicksort algorithm: choosing a pivot, partitioning elements around it, and recursively sorting each side. This visualizer uses the Lomuto partition scheme and shows why quicksort averages O(n log n) but can hit O(n²) on poor pivots.
- ROT13 Encoder
- A ROT13 Encoder is a tool that applies the classic ROT13 substitution cipher, shifting each alphabetic letter by 13 positions in the alphabet. Because 13 is half of 26, the same operation both encodes and decodes text, so applying it twice restores the original. The transformation runs entirely in the browser, processing the input client-side without uploading it to a server.
- Random Group Generator
- A random group generator shuffles a list of names and splits them into a chosen number of balanced groups, or into teams of a fixed size.
- Random JSON Generator
- A Random JSON Generator is a tool that produces fake JSON data from a defined schema using a faker library. It fills fields with synthetic sample values for testing and mocking, and can output the generated records as JSON, CSV, TSV, or XML. It runs entirely in the browser with no signup or server-side processing.
- Random Name Picker
- A Random Name Picker is a tool that selects a chosen number of entries at random from a pasted list. It supports a unique-only mode that prevents repeats and allows repeatable draws, making it useful for raffles, team assignments, and similar selections. It runs entirely in the browser with no signup or server-side processing.
- Random Number Generator
- A Random Number Generator is a tool that produces random integers in the browser using a cryptographically strong random source. It lets the user set a range and count, restrict results to unique values, and display output in decimal, binary, octal, or hexadecimal. All generation happens client-side with no signup or server involvement.
- Readability Checker
- A readability checker scores how easy a passage is to read using the Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch–Kincaid grade-level formulas, based on sentence length and syllable count.
- Reading Time Calculator
- A reading time calculator estimates how long a piece of text takes to read silently or speak aloud, based on its word count and a words-per-minute rate.
- Regex Data Generator
- A Regex Data Generator is a tool that produces strings matching a supplied regular expression pattern. It can generate from 1 to 100 results at a time, making it useful for creating test data, fixtures, and inputs for fuzzing. Running entirely in the browser, it lets developers build sample datasets from a regex without sending the pattern or output to a server.
- Remove Accents
- A Remove Accents is a tool that strips diacritics from text, turning characters such as café into cafe and naïve into naive. It runs in the browser and offers optional German and Nordic transliteration, mapping characters like ä to ae, ß to ss, and å to aa for ASCII-folded output.
- Remove Line Breaks
- A Remove Line Breaks tool is a tool that removes or replaces newline characters in a block of text. It runs in the browser and offers three modes: replacing each line break with a space, keeping paragraph separation while joining wrapped lines, or stripping all line breaks entirely. It is used to clean up text copied from PDFs, emails, or wrapped sources.
- Remove Punctuation
- A Remove Punctuation tool is a tool that strips Unicode punctuation and symbols from text. It offers options to keep apostrophes, hyphens, and periods, and to collapse whitespace after removal. Running entirely in the browser, it cleans text of special characters and symbols without uploading anything to a server, useful for normalizing input before analysis, search, or further processing.
- Reverse Text Generator
- A Reverse Text Generator is a tool that rewrites text in reverse order by character, by word, or by line. It is grapheme-cluster aware, so emoji and combining character sequences are kept intact rather than broken apart during the flip. It runs entirely in the browser, keeping the input text on the user's device.
- Roman Numeral Converter
- A Roman numeral converter translates between Arabic numbers and Roman numerals (I, V, X, L, C, D, M), using subtractive notation and validating the standard 1–3999 range.
- Ruby / Lua / Perl Formatter
- A Ruby / Lua / Perl Formatter is a tool that reindents Ruby, Lua, or Perl source code in the browser. It combines three keyword-driven languages into one formatter, applying consistent indentation based on each language's block structure while running entirely client-side.
- SHA-1 Hash Generator
- A SHA-1 Hash Generator is a tool that computes the SHA-1 message digest of text or files, producing a fixed-length checksum useful for Git commit hashes and legacy systems. It uses the browser's native Web Crypto API to perform the hashing and outputs the digest in hexadecimal or Base64 encoding. The computation runs entirely in the browser, so the input is processed client-side and is never uploaded to a server.
- SHA-256 Hash Generator
- A SHA-256 Hash Generator is a tool that computes the SHA-256 message digest of text or files, producing a fixed-length cryptographic checksum of the input. It uses the browser's native Web Crypto API to perform the hashing and outputs the result in hexadecimal or Base64 encoding. The computation runs entirely in the browser, so the data being hashed is processed client-side and is never uploaded to a server.
- SQL Formatter
- An SQL Formatter is a tool that reformats SQL statements with consistent indentation, keyword casing, and line breaks so the query is easier to read and review. Dialect-aware formatters apply the correct reserved-word list and join syntax for each database engine (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server, Oracle, BigQuery).
- Scatter Plot Maker
- A Scatter Plot Maker is a tool that creates scatter plots from CSV data in the browser. It treats the first column as X values and each following column as a separate Y series, plotting the resulting points on a two-axis chart. The plot can be exported as a PNG image, and all processing runs client-side without uploading data.
- Scientific Calculator
- A scientific calculator evaluates expressions with full order of operations and scientific functions — trigonometry (degrees or radians), logarithms, exponents, roots, factorials, and the constants π and e.
- Scientific Notation Converter
- A scientific notation converter rewrites a number between standard decimal form and scientific notation (a × 10ⁿ), E-notation, and engineering notation.
- Selection Sort Visualizer
- A Selection Sort Visualizer animates how selection sort repeatedly finds the minimum of the unsorted region and swaps it to the boundary. It shows why the algorithm always performs O(n²) comparisons but at most n−1 swaps.
- Set Operations Calculator
- A set operations calculator computes the union, intersection, difference and symmetric difference of two sets and checks subset, superset and disjoint relationships.
- Sieve of Eratosthenes Visualizer
- A Sieve of Eratosthenes Visualizer animates the classic prime-finding algorithm: starting at 2, it marks each unmarked number as prime and crosses out all of its multiples as composite, leaving only the primes up to n.
- Significant Figures Calculator
- A significant figures calculator counts the significant digits in a number and rounds a number to a chosen number of significant figures, following the standard sig-fig rules.
- Slugify URL Generator
- A Slugify URL Generator is a tool that converts arbitrary text into a clean URL slug. It transliterates accented and diacritic characters to plain ASCII, strips punctuation, and joins words into a hyphenated, lowercase string, with an optional pass to remove common stopwords. It runs entirely in the browser, so the input text stays on the user's device.
- Small Text Generator
- A Small Text Generator is a tool that converts text into Unicode small caps, superscript, or subscript characters. It runs in the browser by mapping each input character to its small or raised Unicode equivalent, producing copy-paste output that displays as tiny text on platforms that support Unicode, without changing the actual font size.
- Sort Lines
- A Sort Lines is a tool that sorts lines of text alphabetically, numerically, by length, or simply reverses their order. It runs in the browser and is locale-aware, with case-insensitive and unique-only options to control comparison and remove duplicates while sorting.
- Stack Visualizer
- A Stack Visualizer animates a stack — a last-in, first-out (LIFO) collection where values are pushed onto and popped off the same end, called the top. Push and pop are both O(1).
- Standard Deviation Calculator
- A standard deviation calculator measures how spread out a set of numbers is, reporting the mean, variance and standard deviation for either a sample or a whole population.
- Statistics Calculator
- A statistics calculator computes descriptive statistics — mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation and quartiles — for a set of numbers, distinguishing sample from population measures.
- Strikethrough Text Generator
- A Strikethrough Text Generator adds Unicode combining characters (U+0336 short stroke, U+0335 long stroke) to each letter of an input string, producing a single text run that renders as crossed-out (s̶a̶m̶p̶l̶e̶) on any platform that supports Unicode. Because the result is plain text — not HTML or markdown — it can be pasted into social media bios, usernames, posts, and comments without formatting being stripped.
- String to Binary Converter
- A String to Binary Converter is a tool that converts text into 8-bit binary and converts binary back into text. It is UTF-8 aware and offers optional byte and nibble spacing to make long binary output easier to read. Running in the browser, it encodes and decodes strings at the bit level without uploading anything.
- String to Hex Converter
- A String to Hex Converter is a tool that converts text into UTF-8 hexadecimal bytes and converts hex back into text. On encoding it offers a choice of five separators between bytes, and on decoding it auto-strips any common separator from the input. The conversion runs in the browser, keeping text on the device.
- Text Case Converter
- A Text Case Converter is a tool that rewrites text into a chosen letter-casing convention. It supports 14 cases, including UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, camelCase, snake_case, kebab-case, and CONSTANT_CASE, transforming the input on demand. It runs entirely in the browser, so the text being converted never leaves the user's device.
- Text Diff
- A Text Diff tool compares two blocks of text and highlights the additions, deletions, and unchanged regions. Line-level diffs match the behaviour of `git diff`; word- and character-level diffs surface small edits inside long lines. Three display modes are common: side-by-side (original vs new), inline (one stream with insertions/deletions marked), and unified patch (the format git produces).
- Text Repeater
- A Text Repeater is a tool that duplicates text up to 10000 times. It offers modes to repeat a whole block, each line, or each word, plus a separator picker with a custom option for inserting characters between repetitions. Running entirely in the browser, it generates repeated text on demand without uploading anything to a server, useful for testing, filler content, and bulk duplication.
- Timezone Converter
- A Timezone Converter is a tool that maps a date and time in one IANA timezone (for example, "America/New_York") to its equivalent moment in another (for example, "Asia/Tokyo"). DST-aware converters apply the correct offset for the chosen day, including the spring-forward and fall-back transitions. Multi-city comparison lets meeting planners see one moment across every participant's wall clock.
- Tip & Split Calculator
- A tip calculator works out the gratuity on a bill at a chosen percentage and splits the total between any number of people, showing each person’s share.
- Tower of Hanoi Visualizer
- A Tower of Hanoi Visualizer animates the recursive solution to the classic three-peg puzzle: to move n disks it moves n−1 aside, moves the largest disk, then moves the n−1 back — never placing a larger disk on a smaller one, in 2ⁿ−1 moves.
- Truth Table Generator
- A truth table generator parses a boolean (propositional-logic) expression and lists the result for every combination of its variables’ truth values.
- URL Encoder & Decoder
- A URL Encoder & Decoder is a tool that converts text and query-string parameters to and from percent-encoded form, replacing reserved or unsafe characters with %-prefixed escape sequences so values transmit safely within a URL. It also reverses the process to recover the original text. It runs entirely in the browser, keeping the input on the user's device.
- URL Parser
- A URL Parser is a tool that breaks a URL into its component parts in the browser, separating the scheme, credentials, host, port, path, query, and hash. It percent-decodes the query string and lists each parameter as a key-value pair in a live table, so individual segments of a web address can be inspected without manual splitting.
- UTF-8 Converter
- A UTF-8 Converter is a tool that converts text into its UTF-8 byte representation and back. It can output bytes as hexadecimal, decimal, \xAB escape sequences, or \u{HEX} code-point escapes, and decode those formats back into readable text. The conversions run entirely client-side in the browser, so the input text is never sent to a server.
- UTM Builder
- A UTM Builder is a tool that constructs campaign-tagged URLs by appending UTM query parameters such as source, medium, and campaign for analytics platforms including Google Analytics, GA4, Plausible, and PostHog. It runs in the browser, validates the base URL, and saves the last five built URLs locally for reuse. It is used to track marketing campaign traffic.
- UUID Generator
- A UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) is a 128-bit value defined by RFC 9562 (formerly RFC 4122). UUID v4 is randomly generated; v1 is timestamp + MAC-derived; v7 is time-ordered for database-friendly sorting; the Nil UUID is all zeros. A UUID Generator produces these values without coordinating with any central authority, with collision odds negligible for practical use.
- Unit Converter
- A Unit Converter is a tool that converts a value from one unit of measurement to another within the same dimension. It runs in the browser and covers length, weight, volume, area, time, temperature, speed, data size, and angle, showing a live grid of the value expressed across every unit in the selected dimension.
- Unix Timestamp Converter
- A Unix Timestamp Converter is a tool that translates Unix epoch timestamps, in seconds or milliseconds, into human-readable date formats and back. It runs in the browser and outputs ISO, UTC, RFC 2822, local, and relative representations, with a live "Now" panel showing the current timestamp as it updates.
- Upside Down Text Generator
- An Upside Down Text Generator is a tool that flips text using Unicode mirrored and rotated characters so it reads as if turned upside down. It runs in the browser by substituting each input character with an inverted Unicode counterpart, producing copy-paste output suitable for captions, bios, and messages on platforms that support Unicode.
- Vector Calculator
- A vector calculator performs operations on 2D and 3D vectors — addition, subtraction, dot and cross products, magnitude, unit vector and the angle between them.
- Wallet Address Validator
- A Wallet Address Validator is a tool that checks whether a cryptocurrency wallet address is well-formed for its blockchain. It validates Ethereum, Bitcoin (legacy and SegWit), Solana, TRON, and Litecoin addresses by verifying their format and checksum, including EIP-55 for Ethereum, without contacting any RPC node. All checks run client-side in the browser, so addresses are never sent to a server.
- WebP Converter
- A WebP Converter is a tool that converts images between WebP and the JPG and PNG formats in both directions. It runs entirely in the browser using client-side processing, so files are never uploaded to a server. WebP produces smaller files for the modern web, while conversion back to JPG or PNG restores broad compatibility with older software and platforms.
- Whitespace Remover
- A Whitespace Remover is a tool that cleans extra spaces, tabs, and blank lines from text. It runs in the browser and collapses redundant whitespace, with an optional pass that strips zero-width Unicode characters to catch invisible characters that ordinary trimming misses. It is used to normalize text copied from documents, code, or web pages.
- Word & Character Counter
- A Word & Character Counter is a tool that analyzes a block of text and reports its word, character, sentence, and paragraph totals. It also estimates reading and speaking time and surfaces the most frequent keywords, updating instantly as text is entered. It runs entirely in the browser, so the analyzed text stays on the user's device.
- Word & Page Counter
- A word and page counter reports the number of words, characters, sentences and paragraphs in a document, and estimates the number of pages for a chosen line spacing.
- Word Frequency Counter
- A Word Frequency Counter is a tool that counts how often each word appears in text, reporting rank, count, and percentage for every word. It includes a stopword filter, a top-N selector, and CSV export of the full table. Running entirely in the browser, it analyzes text for keyword density and most common words without uploading data to a server.
- XML Formatter
- An XML Formatter is a tool that beautifies or minifies XML documents using the browser's native parser. The beautify mode re-indents elements and attributes into a readable hierarchy, while the minify mode strips whitespace to reduce size. Because it relies on the built-in parser with no external dependencies, it processes XML quickly and accurately, entirely client-side on the device.
- XML to JSON Converter
- An XML to JSON Converter is a tool that transforms XML markup into equivalent JSON data, mapping elements, attributes, and text content into nested objects and keys. It runs in the browser using the native DOMParser, with configurable options including an attribute prefix, a dedicated text key, and a compact output mode for cleaner, more concise results.
- XPath Tester
- An XPath Tester is a tool that evaluates XPath expressions against XML or HTML and displays the matching nodes. It uses the browser's native XPath engine to run queries live and presents the results in a table. Because it operates entirely client-side, the XML or HTML being queried is never uploaded, letting developers test and refine XPath expressions privately.
- YAML Formatter & Validator
- A YAML Formatter is a tool that validates, reformats, and minifies YAML data. It checks the input for syntax errors and reports them with line numbers, re-indents valid documents into a consistent readable layout, and can compact them to reduce size. It runs entirely in the browser, processing YAML on the device without uploading it to a server.
- YAML to JSON Converter
- A YAML to JSON Converter is a tool that parses YAML input and emits the equivalent JSON, mapping YAML mappings, sequences, and scalars onto JSON objects, arrays, and values. When the source is malformed, it reports syntax errors with parser messages so problems can be located and fixed. The conversion runs entirely in the browser, processing the input client-side without uploading it to a server.
- YouTube Thumbnail Downloader
- A YouTube Thumbnail Downloader is a tool that retrieves the thumbnail images of a YouTube video in every resolution the platform publishes, including the high-definition maxresdefault variant. The user pastes a video URL, and the tool resolves the corresponding image addresses so each available size can be previewed and saved. It runs in the browser, requiring no account or installation.
- Z-Score Calculator
- A z-score calculator converts a raw value to a standard score z = (x − μ) / σ — the number of standard deviations from the mean — and maps a z-score to a percentile using the standard normal distribution.
- Zalgo Text Generator
- A Zalgo Text Generator is a tool that transforms ordinary text into a glitched, corrupted appearance by stacking combining diacritical marks above, below, and through each character. Running entirely in the browser, it offers adjustable intensity levels from mild for a subtle creepy effect to chaos for full Zalgo, producing cursed or glitch-style text that can be copied and pasted elsewhere.
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